What is ultrasonography ? What is it risks, side effects strength and weaknesses ? PDF download

What is ultrasound in ultrasonography? It's risks ,side effects, strengths and weaknesses?

Definition of ultrasonography :-

• Ultrasonography (usg) is application of medical with ultrasound based imagine diagnostic technique used to visualize internal oragans, structure and their pathological sessions.
• Ultrasonography is widely utilized in medicine primarily in gastroentrology, cardiology, gynecology and obstetrics, urology and diagnosis or therapeutic procedure with the guidance of ultrasonography (for instance biopsies or drainage fluid collection).
  

Ultrasound in ultrasonography :-

• In physics the term "ultrasound" applies the all acoustic energy. (Longitudinal mechanical wave)with a frequency above the audiable range of human hearing.
• The audiable range of sound is 20hertz - 20 kilohertz .
• Ultrasound frequency is greater than 20 kilohertz.
  

Strengths and weaknesses :-

• The images muscles and soft tissue very well and particularly useful for delineating the interfaces between solid and fluid filled spaces.
• It renders "live "images where are the operator can dynamically select the most useful section for the diagnosing and documenting changes often enbiling repid diagnosis.
•  It show the structure as well as some aspects of the function or organs.
• It has known long-term side effects and competitively flexible ; examination can be performed bedside.

Weakness of ultrasound imaging :-

• Ultrasound can not penetrate bone And performs poorly when there is air between the scanner and oragan of interest.
• For ex :- overlying gas in the gastrointestinal tract often makes ultrasound scanning of the pancreas difficult.
• Even in the absence of bone or air , the depth penetration of ultrasound is limited, making it difficult to image structures that are far removed from the body surface, especially in obsess patient.
• The method is operator dependent.
• A high level of skill and experience is need to acquire good quality images and make accurate diagnoses.

Risks and side effects :-

• Ultrasound is generally considered a "safe"imagine modality .
• However slight detrimental effects have been accasionally observed.
• Diagnostic ultrasound studies of the fetus are generally considered to be safe during pregnancy.
• This diagnostic procedure should be performed only when there is valid medication indication and the lowest possible ultrasonic exposure settings should be used to gain the necessary diagnostic information under the "as low as reasonably achievable" or alarm principle.
• World health organization technical report series 875 (1998)  support that ultrasound is harmless.
• "Diagnostic ultrasound is recognized as a safe effective and highly flexible imagine modality capable of providing clinically relevant information about most part of the body in a rapid and cast effective fashion"
• Although there is no evidence ultrasound could be harmful for the fetus , as food and drug administration views promotion, selling or leasing of ultrasound equipment for making "keepsake fetal videos" to be an unproved us of a medical device .
• Studies in the safety of ultrasound a study at the Yale school of medicine found a correlation between prolonged and frequent use of ultrasound and abnormal neuronal migration in mice.
• A meta analysis of several ultrasonography studies no drastically significant harmful effects  from ultrasonography.
• Studies found no statically significant harmful effect ultrasonography but mentioned that there was a lack of data on long term substantive outcomes such as neurodevelopment.