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                     Biography of  

                               Wilhelm rontgen

                                Early life 

Wilhelm Conrad rontgen born on March 27,1845,at kennel in the lower Rhine province of Germany, as the only child of  a merchant in, an manufacturer of,cloth.

When he was three years old his family moved to Apeldoorn in the Netherlands, where went to the institute of martinus Harman van Doorn ,  a boarding school.

 He did not show any special aptitude, but showed a love of nature and was fond of roaming in the open country and forest.

  

                          Education

In 1862, he entered a technical school at ultecht , where he was how ever unfairly explolled accused of having produced a caricature of one of the teacher, which was in fact done by someone else.

In the 1865 , he was unfairly explolled from high  school when one of his teachers intercepted a caricature of one of the teacher which was down by someone else .

Without high school diploma , rontgen could only attend university in the Netherlands as a visitor . Upon hearing he could enter the federal polytechnic institute in zurichhe passed the entrance examination and began studies there as a student of mechanical engineering . 

In 1869 , he graduated with a PhD  from the university of Zurich 

                          Career

Rontgen first work was published in 1870, dealing with the specific heats of gases followed a few years later by a paper on the thermal conductivity of crystals .

Among other problems he studied were the electrical and other characteristics of quartz the influence of presser on the reflective induces of various fluids ; the modification of planes polarised light by electromagnetic influences ; the variations in the function of the temperature and compressibility of water.

                              X-ray

In 1895 , he was studying the phenomena accompanying the passage of  an electric current through a gas of extremely low pressure.

Rontgen on cathode rays led him , however ,to the discovery of a new and different kind of rays . 

On the evening of Nov 8 ,1895, he found that ,if the discharge tube is enclosed in sealed , thick black carton to exclude in all light ,and if he worked in a dark room, a paper plate covered on one side with barium platinocynide placed in the path of the rays become fluorescent .

This was the first "rongenogram " ever taken.in further experiments rontgen showed that the new rays are produced by the impact of cathode rays on a material obje

  

Because their nature was then unknown  ,he gave them the name rays.later, max Laue and his pupils showed that they are of the same electromagnetic nature as light , but differ from it only in the higher frequency of their vibration.

 Numerous honours were showered upon him . In several list of prizes medals , honorary  doctorates etc.

                              Nobel prize

In 1901, rontgen was awarded the first Nobel prize in physics. Rontgen donated the money reward from his Nobel prizes to his university.

Rotten refused to take out patents related to his discovery of x -rays, as he wanted society as  whole to benefit from practical application of the phenomenon.

 Rontgen died at Munich on February 10, 1923 from carcinoma of the intestine.